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1) "Herend" -- As to herend porcelain
Herend | County | Veszprém | | Area | 19,53 km² | | Population | | | Postal code | 8840 | | Area code | 88 | Herend is a small town in Hungary (Europe), near the city of Veszprém. Most famous for its long tradition of excellent porcelain manufacturing. The history of the town goes back into Roman times, indicated by the findings near the precincts of the town, while in the middle ages a few villages occupied the area where the current town stands. After the Ottoman Turkish administration of Hungary, the then-village was largely emptied, but the Barren of Herend was repopulated between 1764 and 1847. Aerial photography: Porcelain manufacturing - Herend - Hungary It was founded in 1826 by Vince Stingl as an earthenware pottery manufacturing factory, but also he had been carrying out research experiments on porcelain making. Stingl ran out of funds and subsequently went bankrupt, his creditor Mór Fischer took control of the factory in 1839. The new owner of the manufactory, Mór Fischer, being very ambitious and having new ideas, started artistic porcelain manufacturing in the same year. At that time it was almost impossible to replace broken pieces and supply old, classical porcelain dinner-sets from the Far East and from Europe, but Mór Fischer's efforts met the support of the Hungarian aristocracy already in 1840. The artistic demand, the effort of manufacturing the first true pieces in Herend succeeded in a very short time. The First Hungarian Applied Art Exhibition, the Vienna Exhibition in 1845, the London World Exhibition in 1851, the New York World Exhibition in 1853 and the Paris World Exhibition in 1855 brought the highest appreciation for Herend respectively. This appreci..."
2) "Porcelain" -- As to herend porcelain por·ce·lain
Pronunciation: 'por-s(&-)l&n
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French porcelaine cowrie shell, porcelain, from Italian porcellana, from porcello vulva, literally, little pig, from Latin porcellus, diminutive of porcus pig, vulva; from the shape of the shell -- more at FARROW
1 : a hard, fine-grained, sonorous, nonporous, and usually translucent and white ceramic ware that consists essentially of kaolin, quartz, and a feldspathic rock and is fired at a high temperature -- called also hard-paste porcelain, true porcelain
2 : SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN
- por·ce·lain·like /-"lIk/ adjective
- por·ce·la·ne·ous or por·cel·la·ne·ous /"por-s&-'lA-nE-&s/ adjective Pronunciation Symbols
Nymphenburg porcelain (about 1760-1765) Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating selected and refined materials often including clay in the form of kaolinite to high temperatures. Raw materials for porcelain, when mixed with water, form a plastic paste that can be worked to a required shape before firing in a kiln at temperatures between about 1200 and 1400 degrees Celsius. The toughness, strength, and translucence of porcelain arise mainly from the formation at high temperatures of glass and the mineral mullite. Porcelain was named after its resemblance to the white, shiny Venus-shell, called in old Italian porcella. The curved shape of the upper surface of the Venus-shell resembles the curve of a pig's back. (Latin porcella, a little pig, a pig) Properties associated with porcelain include low permeability, high strength, hardness, glassiness, high durability, whiteness, translucence, resonance, brittleness, high resistance to the passage of electricity, high resistance to chemical attack, high resistance to thermal shock and high elasticity. The Combined Nomenclature of the European Communities defines porcelain as "completely vitrified, hard, impermeable (even before glazing), white or artificially coloured, translucent (except when of considerable thickness) and resonant." Porcelain is used to make table, kitchen, sanitary, decorative wares, objects of fine art, and tiles. Its high resistance to the passage of electricity makes porcelain an excellent insulating material and it is widely used for high-voltage insulators. It is also used in dentistry to make false teeth, caps and crowns. - 1 Scope, materials and methods
- 1.1 Scope
- 1.2 Materials
- 1.3 Methods
- 2 Categories of porcelain
- 2.1 Hard paste
- 2.2 Soft paste
- 2.3 Bone china
- 3 History
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